Dynamo-electric machine



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. HOOHHAUSEN.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 404,484. Patented June 4, 1889.

IHIIHH IHIHHHHIHHH UH u; mm Hum. 11 m (No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 2.

W. H-OOHHAUSEN.

DYNAMO BLEGTRIG MACHINE.

No. 404,484. Patented June 4, 1889.

Mum/E8858.-

ATTORNEY (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. HOGHHAUSEN.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 404,484. Patented June 4, 1889.

WITNESSES: IIVVEIVTOR' J6 %M/ M /w & @flmCZM I BY Qg/g WA ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

\VILLIAM HOOHHAVSEN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 404,484, dated June 4, 1889.

Application filed February 1, 1886. Serial No. 190,517. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Dynamo- Electric Machines and Motors, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to improve the mechanical construction and heighten the efliciency of dynamo-electric machines and motors.

My invention relates, first, to the form of the armature core or carrier to which the armature-conductors are applied.

It has heretofore been proposed to provide annular or cylindrical armatures with projections or teeth extending from the body of magnetic material into close proximity with the field-of-force pole, the armature-00nductors being located in the spaces between such teeth. The object of this construction is to bind the field-magnetism and cause the magnetic lines of force to be concentrated upon the armature.

My invention consists in forming upon the exterior of the armature core or carrier shallow grooves or flutings in which the armatureconductors rest. The projections or teeth between the grooves stop short of the circumferential line including the outer side of the armature-conductors, and the conductors are therefore but partially embedded in the grooves. The result of this construction is that the projections, while effectually serving the purpose of binding the magnetism of the field, do not extend so far out as to have a tendency to simply satisfy the magnetism, as is the case with the projecting teeth to which I have before referred as existing in prior constructions, and the magnetic lines of force cannot pass from the field to the armature, except to a very small extent, without being cut by the armatLire-conductor.

My invention also relates to the construe tion of the field-of-force magnet for dynamoelectric machines and motors, and in some of its features relates more especially to machines of the kind in which the field-magnet is composed of two or more electro-magnets having their like poles conjoined to form a magnetic tield-of-force pole.

In machines of this construction it is common to use as the pole amass of iron joining the ends of the magnets and curved to form a proper pole-face for the armature rotating in proximityto it. Owing to the reaction between this mass of iron and the armature of the machine, the line of strongest magnetization and the line of commutation. are in ordinary machines shifted to a greater or less extentforward in the direction of rotation when the machine is in operation.

The aim of my invention is to avoid as far as possible the liability to such shifting, to which end I dispense with the usual mass of iron joining the polar ends of the magnets and form the field-of-force pole by simply bringing the two pole ends of the magnetcores themselves into proper position and proximity with one another to form together a field-of-force pole for the armature, the usual connecting masses of iron being omitted. To more fully accomplish the ends of this portion of my invention, the cores of the magnet at or near their ends are turned so that their axes will at the end of the core be substantially perpendicular to the circle of rotation of the armature.

My invention consists, also, in making thepole pieces or faces of the two magnets forming the iielcl-of-force magnets of substantially the same cross-section as the other parts of the cores of said magnets, so that the wire coils for said magnets can be wound on asnitable form and slipped onto the cores over their pole ends.

\Vith iield-of-force magnets as ordinarily constructed I have found that there is not, strictly speaking, a symmetrical magnetic field, and the brushes of the machine cannot be set exactly on a diametrical line. This asymmetry is due ordinarily to the presence of a greater mass of iron at one part than at corresponding opposite parts of the field-magnet frame or of the parts supportingthe same. \Vith some forms the iron base under one of the field-poles may give rise to this disturbance, and this frequently occurs in machines in which the field-magnets are disposed in a horizontal plane. In other machines where the field-magnet is upright it will'be found that there want of balance of the mag netic masses with relation to the field-poles and armature, which would, according to my observations, result. in the asymmetry of the field to which I have referred.

My invention consists of a field-magnet having a perfectly symmetrical field produced in obvious manner-that is to say, by a symmetrical disposition of the masses of iron making up the field-magnet or the framework with relation to the field-of-force poles.

As a more frequent cause of asymmetry lies in the presence of the usual iron baseplate upon which the field-magnet rests, I propose to dispense with said base-plate and to employ in its place a frame of iron cut away or devoid of magnetic material beneath the parts of the field-magnet, in which, as my experiments lead me to believe, the continw ou's iron base exertsan effect so as to distort or throw the magnetic field into asymmetry.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a form of machine em bodying my invention. Fig; 2 is a plan of the same. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the machine; Fig. 4 is a perspective View illustrating the form of s the field-magnet; 5 is a perspeotive view showing a preferred way of constructing the core for one side of the field-magnet.- Fig. 6 is a side elevation of one of thesheet-iron disks or plates that may be employed for constructing the ar1na-' tui'ecor'e or body, Fig. 7 is a section of a portion of V the armature with the armaturewire applied in place,- and illustrates the grooving or fiutin g of the armature periphery. Fig, ,8 is a diagram of the circuits and connections of the armature, the field-magnet coils,- and the working-circuit, and illustrates a switch and circuit that maybe used for throwing the machine into or out of action by shuntingthe current from its field-magnet coils.

The supporting-frame of the machine,which -is of iron; is indicated at O; This frame isa mere skeleton, and, as shown more clearly in Fig. 2; isentire'ly cutaway beneath thefieldmagnet and armature, the object being,- as hereinbefore explained, to avoid the production of an asymmetrical magnetic field for the armature. r v 1 The armature-shaft (indicated at A) rotates in suitable bearings mounted on the supporting frame O, and carries an armature wound and connected to a commutator B in any of theiways common in the art or in any other desired manner; I, The field-of-force magnetproper consists of two electro-magnets D, Whose pole ends of the same name arejuxtaposed, in order to produce the two field-of force poles for the armature Each of said electro-magnets is supported at its rear end from the standards 0 rising from the frame 0, andis for this purpose provided with a rearward extension G, Fig; 4, projecting from its core and suitably formed on or attached to said core; Bolts passing through said extension in to the stand ards C vertically hold the magnets firmly.

As will be seen in Figs. land 4, the two electro-magnets are of circular form, and their pole ends E are properly formed, so that the two juxtaposed pole endsmake together a field-of-force pole-piece of the proper extent for the armature.

Pieces or blocks of diaina'gnetic material such as brass, and indicated at Fserve to mechanically unite the juxtaposed pole ends without furnishing any mass of magnetic material, which, asbefore explained, might give rise to a distortion of the magnetic field during rotation of the armature. In order to reduce the mass of magnetic material at the pole ends to a minimum, I have arranged or formed the two cores whose pole ends juxtaposed form thepole-piece in such way that their longitudinal axes at such end prolonged would strike the periphery of the armature at a right angle,

It will be seen,- also, that the form of the magnet-cores is such thatthe curve of the cores axis prolonged would pass through the center of the armature. The form of magnet shown and described gives great compactness,

and at the same time a highly-intense magnetic field for thearmature isobtained.-

The pole ends E ,instead of being enlarged, are made of the same or of a less area in crossit han t b dy E or the core, that the coils of wire forthe electro-magnets may bewound on a suitable form and then slipped into place.- I o It is one of the features of, m invention to make each of the two cores E I that are combined to make the field rnagnet, magnetically continuous in the direction of its axis from one poleto the opposite pole; thereby avoiding a break in the magnetic continuity of the field-magnet, which, in conjunction with the feature of employing the separate juxtaposed pole endsto form the pole-piece, gives a field- 'of-f'( )rce electro-lnagnet in which there ispractically no jointwhatever to ,break the mag- IIC netic continuity, although at the same time I the field magn'et may be regarded as, and is in fact, made in two pieces; I

It will be seen that from the construction just described there is practically no mass of iron forming a pole-piece forthe machine that is not under the strong and direct influence of field of-force coils, and it results, therefore, that, owing to the absence of the usual mass of magnetic material removed from the coils, but employed to join the pole ends of the electro-magnets, the armature is less able to shift the line of strongest magnetism in the direction of rotations The cores for thefield-of-force electro-niagnet maybe made of iron in any desired way,- though I prefer to make them-in the manner illustrated in Fig. 5 from a number of plates of iron whose planes are made to lie trans- Verse to the plane of curvature of the core, as clearly illustrated.- The plates making up the core may, if desired, be of sheet-ironconformed in any desired way to the proper shape and superposed, as indicated,and secured together by screws or bolts.

'One form of disk or plate constructed in accordance with myinvention is illustrated in Fig. 6. Each plate is of substantially circular form, and is provided at its center with an opening in which the armature-shaft A lies, as indicated in Fig. 7. The plate or disk is provided with an internal lug or projection L at its central portion, which is adapted to engage with a groove on the armature-shaft. A number of such plates or disks may be placed together on the armature-shaft and secured in any of the ways heretofore employed against longitudinal displacement. They are prevented from circumferential en gagement by interlocking of the shaft and disks through the lugs or projections L and the groove in the shaft. An equivalent structure would obviously be to form a notch at the inner portion of the sheet-iron disk, and to provide the armatureshaft with a spline or projection to enter said notch. If the disk or plate is intended for use with what is ordinarily termed a cylindrical armature, it may be obviously continuous from its outer periphery to the central opening. For annular armatures I propose to make it in the particular form shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The disk or plate in such case consists of an annular portion H and a central collar I, adapted to embrace the armature-shaft, the collar and annular portion H being united by two or more radial arms K K. The parts described are made in one piece by stamping the disk or plate out of sheet metal, or by constructing it in any other desired way. The space between I and H furnishes an opening through which the armature-conductor maybe threaded when the armature is to be provided with what are ordinarily termed ring-coils.

I do not limit myself to plates of any particular thickness, but of course prefer to employ sheet-iron plates in order to obtain a thorough subdivision of the mass of iron constituting the armature-core.

In Fig. 7 the periphery of the armature is shown as grooved or fluted in accordance with my invention. Each groove orfluting is preferably made of proper size to receive a single armature-conductor, which lies in the groove only partially embedded in the same, the projecting tooth P extending but a portion of the distance outward to the circun1- ferential line embracing the outer side of the armature-conductors. The effect of this is, as before explained, to bind the field-magnetism,without, however, satisfying the same inetfectually. The armature and field-magnet may be connected to one another and to the exterior" circuit in any desired way. Fig. 8 illustrates a way of connecting them sometimes employed in the art in which the coils of the field-magnet (indicated at O) are placed in derived circuit to the armature and to the external circuit containing the working resistances, such as incandescent lamps M M. The diagram also shows a switch arrangement whereby the machine may be thrown out of action and the flow of current on the working-circuit stopped without the production of a destructive spark and without endangering the insulation of the fieldmagnet coils. As will be seen by inspection of the diagram, the external circuit is left intact, and there is therefore no destructive spark by the operation of the large current passing 011 such circuit.

The derived circuit, including the fieldmagnet coils O, is controlled by the electric switch S, which may be operated to complete a shunt 12 around such coils. Owing to the great number of convolutions of wire in the field-magnet coil, it is obvious that if the magnetism of the field-magnet be suddenly stopped there would arise an extra current of high eleetro-motive force that would tend to break through the insulation of the coils. In order to avoid this danger, I throw such coils out of action by completing a shunt around them, instead of by breaking the circuit through them, and I preferably combine with the switch an artificial resistance so arranged that it may be introduced gradually into the normal circuit through the coils 0 before the completion of the shunt 12 around such coils. By introducing this resistance so as to oppose gradually a greater and greater resistance to the flow of magnetizing current through the coils O the field-magnetism is gradually decreased until finally, when the shunt 12 is completed so as to cause the magnetism to cease entirely, there is so little magnetism that but little extra current will be set up on throwing the magnet entirely out of action.

The shunt-contact forswitch S is indicated at \V, while \V indicates the artificial resistance connected to a series of contact-plates T in the ordinary and well-known manner.

The right-hand contact-plate of the series T is connected directly to the armature-circuit, so that, as will be seen from the figure, the switch will, when in contact with said plate, complete a circuit directly for the field-magnet coils O in derived circuit around the working-circuit. As the switch is moved to the left, more-and more of the resistance WV is introduced into the circuit of coils 0, thus gradually weakening the flow in the same until finally, when the switch S reaches the shunting-contact \V, the whole of the resistance is in circuit.

The completion of the shunt 12 by the making of contact at \V causes the magnetism of the field-magnet to die away entirely, thus preventing the armature from generating any current for the external circuit containing the lamp.

The switching device herein described, and consisting of a shunt branch around the derived-circuit coils, the artificial resistance, and the switch, combined as herein described, is not herein claimed, but forms the subject of a separate application for patent filed March 2, 1889, Serial No. 303,013.

. \Vhat I claim as my invention is- 1. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, an armature core or carrier provided with shallow grooves or flutings, in which the armature-conductors are partially embedded, as and for the purpose described.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, a field-of-force magnet consisting of two electro-magnets whose cores are curved in the arc of a circle which, prolonged, would pass through the center of the armature, and which magnets have their core ends of the same name magnetically distinct, so far as concerns 11 nion, by a mass of magnetic material, but held 4. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, afield-of-force magnet consisting of two electro-magnets having like poles arranged on the same side of the armature, the cores of said magnets being formed of iron masses continuous in the direction of the magnetic axes, of the same or'less area in cross-section than the body of the cores, as and for the purpose described.- V

5. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor,

a field-of-force magnetcomposed of two electro-magnets whose like poles are placed in proximity but are magnetically dis'united, in combination with the uniting diamagnetic block, and whose magnetic axes continued from their pole ends would cut the circular periphery of the armature at a right angle,

6. In a dynamo-electric machineor motor, a field-of-force magnet composed of two separate electro-magnets having their like poles A juxtaposed, and whose poles are composed of curved iron plates superposed as described, the planes of said plates being transverse to the plane of curvature, H

WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN; Witnesses:

WM.-H OAPEL, GEO/C. COFFIN. 

